Unit 2: Dynamic Equilibrium: Other Organisms

Unit 2: November 22-February 1

Homework Links

PROJECT: Click here for animal phylum choices. 

PROJECT: Click here for research website.

Choose an invertebrate animal for your project and then click here: Animal Phylum Project Link

OWL PELLET LAB: Click here for the online lab

"Other Organisms" refers to living things that are not humans.  In Unit 2 we examine how other living things are similar to and different from humans.

• Unit 2 Introduction: What characteristics do all living things share?  The picture shows the notes from an ongoing discussion about living things.  This is a list of characteristics all living things share:
• Made of cells
• Take in energy
• Use energy
• Exchange gases
• Reproduce
• Contain DNA
• Contain water
• Go through a life cycle 
• Animals: move at some point, eat food, digest food, are made of many cells
• Invertebrates - animals with no bones (35 groups)
• Chordates - includes Vertebrates - animals with bones (5 groups)
• fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds
• Owl Pellet Dissection  - click to dissect an owl pellet online!
• Plants 
• Characteristics
• Classification
• 
  

UNIT 1: HUMAN BODY

UNIT 1 EXAM: Friday, November 18

Interactive Game for Human Organs

Put the man back together!

Many systems on one site

Topics to study for Unit 1 Exam:

EXCRETORY / URINARY SYSTEM - Watch the VIDEO we watched in class about Iyanti Browne on dialysis.

Parts of the Urinary system:

• Kidneys - filter the blood
• Ureters - tubes from the kidneys to the bladder
• Bladder - muscular bag that holds urine
• Urethra - tube that passes urine from bladder to outside of body

Other ways waste is excreted (removed) from the body:

• Skin - sweating
• Respiration - exhale carbon dioxide and water
• Digestion - solid waste that is not digested from your food

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• The nervous system sends signals from your brain, down your spinal cord and through your nerves to control movement and responses to your environment
• The Autonomic Nervous System controls body functions you don't think about

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• Muscles cross bones 
• Muscles contract (get shorter) and pull on bones to create movement 
• 3 types: smooth (internal organs), cardiac (heart), and skeletal (for movement, connected to your skeleton)
• 2 ways muscles are controlled: voluntary (you think about it), involuntary (you don't think about it)
• tendons connect muscles to bones

SKELETAL SYSTEM:

• provide support for your body
• make red blood cells
• provide protection for soft internal organs
• ligaments connect bones to bones
• Know the names and locations of at least 10 bones.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM : 

Air you breathe in has more oxygen, air you breathe out has more carbon dioxide.
The millions of alveoli increase the surface area, just like the villi in the small intestine. This helps to increase the amount of oxygen that diffuses into your bloodstream.

• Path of Air:
• nose - air is cleaned by tiny hairs called cilia
• pharynx - throat, epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea when you swallow food
• larynx - voicebox
• trachea - windpipe, made of flexible cartilage
• bronchi - 2 branches of the trachea
• bronchioles - more branches in the lungs
• alveoli - tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, touch capillaries in the circulatory system to transfer oxygen into your blood stream

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Schoolhouse Rock Circulation Song

Your Circulatory System is made of three main components:

1. Heart - 4 chambers
1. 2 upper - atriums
2. 2 lower - ventricles
2. Blood vessels
1. arteries
2. veins
3. capillaries
3. Blood

Unit 3 Topics and Practice Sites

Unit 3: Reproduction, Heredity & Evolution

Topic 1: Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction
• no sperm and egg needed
• one parent
• exact copy of the organism is created
• some animals and plants
• bacteria and protists 
• cell division: mitosis

• Sexual Reproduction
• combining of genes from two parents
• sperm cell and egg cell combine
• animals and plants
 

Topic 2: Meiosis vs. Mitosis

• Mitosis - division of body cells for growth and repair

• identical cells are produced
• 100% of DNA is the same (46 chromosomes in humans)
• same number of chromosomes in all cells produced
• order of stages: PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

• Meiosis - division of one cell into 4 sex cells
• produces sperm or egg cells
• cells that are produced are NOT identical
• cells have half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans)

Topic 3: Genetics

• Vocabulary

• Heredity
• Genetics
• Inheritance
• Allele
• Dominant allele
• Recessive allele
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous
• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Punnett square - play this fun game to help you review!

Topic 4: Mutations
Topic 5: Evolution

• Change Over Time
• Natural Selection, survival of the fittest
• Charles Darwin
• Evidence for Evolution

Respiratory System

Click here to watch the video we saw in class today.

Complete any blanks in your notes.

Rewrite your notes using either a concept map or a drawing.  This must be done by hand, not on the computer.

CPCS Summer Science Homework

Summer Science Homework – For All 6th Grade scholars entering 7th Grade

 Objective: I will be able to...

• Use my reading skills to stay up-to-date on science current events.
• Use my critical thinking skills to analyze the data from the article.
• Use my writing skills to construct a written piece of evidence to show my understanding. 

 Directions:

• Read a science-related article from the newspaper, magazine or one of the following websites: Popular Science, NOVA, New York Times, Time for Kids, National Geographic, Earth and Sky Kids or Earth and Sky, NPR, Nature, Sciencenews.org, Sciencedaily.com
• Write a Claim/Evidence and Personal Response to the following questions:

• • How can this apply to your daily life?  
  • What is the scientist claiming about his or her finding? 
  • Explain whether you agree or disagree with the scientist's claim.
  • What background knowledge did you use to help you understand and/or infer the meaning of the article?
   
• 
  
  See THIS EXAMPLE to help you. 
  Use this rubric to edit your work.
  Scholar work must be typed with the article attached or a link to the article.
  Due on the first day of school.
• You may also email your completed assignment to Ms. Moore at kmoore@cpcsschool.org.
  

STUDY FOR YOUR UNIT 1 EXAM

Click on the links below to help you study for your test for Unit 1: Human Body

Topic 1: Cell Parts

• organelles - small cell parts
• cell membrane - the outer covering of the cell
• nucleus - control center of the cell
• mitochondria - convert energy from food to a form the cell can use
•  cytoplasm - the jelly-like substance between the cell parts

Topic 2: Levels of organization in the body (CTOS)

• Cells - smallest unit of life
• Tissues - made of cells working together
• Organs - made of tissues working together
• Organ Systems - a group of organs working together

Topic 3: Functions of each of the body systems

• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Excretory
• Endocrine
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Reproductive

Topic 4: Organs and structures of each system
Digestive

• Circulatory
• Heart
• blood vessels: veins, arteries, capillaries
• valves keep blood from moving backward
• Respiratory
• mouth/nose
• trachea
• pharynx/larynx
• bronchi
• lungs
• alveoli - tiny air sacs where oxygen goes into the blood
• Excretory
• Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Skin
• Lungs
• Large intestine/rectum
• Endocrine
• glands produce hormones
• hormones control processes in the body
• Skeletal
• bones
• ligaments
• joints
• Muscular
• muscles
• tendons
• Reproductive
• female: ovaries, uterus, eggs
• male: testes, sperm

Cell Theory Rap - Listen to it at home!